Django Basic - Cơ Bản Django

Mục Tiêu Module

Học các khái niệm cơ bản của Django framework để xây dựng web applications.

Danh Sách Bài Học

1. Giới Thiệu Django

Django là gì?
MVT (Model-View-Template) pattern
Django vs Flask vs FastAPI
Khi nào nên dùng Django
Django ecosystem

2. Django Installation và Setup

Cài đặt Django
Tạo project với django-admin
Cấu trúc Django project
manage.py commands
Development server

3. Django Apps

Apps là gì?
Tạo app với startapp
Đăng ký apps trong INSTALLED_APPS
App structure
Reusable apps

4. URLs và Views

URL routing
URLconf (urls.py)
path() và re_path()
URL parameters
Function-based views
HttpRequest và HttpResponse

5. Templates

Template engine
Template syntax ({{ }}, {% %})
Template variables
Template filters
Template tags
Template inheritance (extends, block)
include templates

6. Static Files

STATIC_URL và STATIC_ROOT
Organizing static files (CSS, JS, images)
{% load static %}
{% static %} tag
collectstatic command

7. Models Cơ Bản

ORM concepts
Defining models
Field types (CharField, IntegerField, etc.)
Field options (max_length, null, blank, default)
Meta options
str method

8. Database Migrations

makemigrations command
migrate command
Migration files
showmigrations
Rolling back migrations
Custom migrations

9. Django Admin

Automatic admin interface
Creating superuser
Registering models
Admin customization (list_display, search_fields)
ModelAdmin class
Admin actions

10. QuerySets

Manager và QuerySets
Creating objects (create, save)
Retrieving objects (all, get, filter)
Field lookups (exact, iexact, contains, gt, lt)
Ordering results
Limiting results

11. CRUD Operations

Create (INSERT)
Read (SELECT)
Update (UPDATE)
Delete (DELETE)
get_or_create()
update_or_create()

12. Forms

Django Forms
Form fields
Rendering forms
Form validation
Cleaned data
Error handling

13. Model Forms

ModelForm class
Automatic form generation
fields và exclude
Widgets
Saving ModelForms

14. Authentication Basics

User model
Login và logout views
login_required decorator
User registration
Password change
Authentication backends

15. Sessions và Cookies

Session framework
Setting session data
Reading session data
Session configuration
Cookie handling

16. Messages Framework

Message levels (debug, info, success, warning, error)
Adding messages
Displaying messages
Message tags

17. Middleware

Middleware là gì?
MIDDLEWARE setting
Request/response cycle
Common middleware
Custom middleware basics

18. Django Settings

settings.py overview
DEBUG mode
ALLOWED_HOSTS
DATABASES configuration
SECRET_KEY
Environment variables với python-decouple

19. Generic Views

TemplateView
ListView
DetailView
CreateView
UpdateView
DeleteView

20. Testing Basics

Django TestCase
Writing test cases
Testing views
Testing models
Test client
Running tests

21. Model Relationships

ForeignKey (many-to-one relationships)
OneToOneField (one-to-one relationships)
ManyToManyField (many-to-many relationships)
Related queries (reverse lookups)
on_delete options (CASCADE, PROTECT, SET_NULL)
related_name attribute
select_related() và prefetch_related()

22. File Uploads & Media Files

MEDIA_URL và MEDIA_ROOT
ImageField và FileField
Pillow library installation
File validation (size, type)
Handling uploaded files
Image thumbnails
Serving media files in development

23. Pagination

Paginator class
Page object methods
Template pagination
ListView pagination
URL parameters (?page=2)
Custom pagination
Ajax pagination basics

24. Search & Filtering

Q objects for complex queries
Search across multiple fields
OR và AND conditions
Search forms
Filter with multiple parameters
__icontains, __iexact lookups
Search optimization

25. Slugs & SEO-Friendly URLs

SlugField introduction
Auto-generate slugs from title
prepopulated_fields in admin
Unique slugs handling
get_absolute_url() method
URL patterns with slugs
SEO best practices

26. Email Configuration & Sending

EMAIL_BACKEND settings
SMTP configuration
send_mail() function
EmailMessage class
HTML emails
Email templates
Attachments
Contact form implementation
Email with forms

27. Class-Based Views Advanced

FormView
get_context_data() override
get_queryset() override
Mixins (LoginRequiredMixin, UserPassesTestMixin)
Multiple mixins
Custom generic views
Method override patterns

28. Template Advanced Features

Template context processors
Custom template tags
Custom template filters
Template fragments
Caching template fragments
Template best practices

29. Working with Multiple Databases

DATABASES configuration
Database routing basics
Multi-database queries
Database migrations for multiple DBs

30. Deployment Preparation

Environment variables
DEBUG = False settings
ALLOWED_HOSTS configuration
Static files collection
SECRET_KEY security
Database configuration for production
requirements.txt
.gitignore setup

31. Docker & Containerization Basics

Docker concepts (Images, Containers, Volumes, Networks)
Installing Docker Desktop
Docker architecture
Benefits of containerization
Dockerfile fundamentals
Writing Dockerfile for Django
Docker image layers
.dockerignore file
Building và running containers
Docker commands (build, run, stop, ps, logs)
Container networking basics
Volume mounting for development
Multi-stage builds

32. Docker Compose for Django

Docker Compose introduction
docker-compose.yml structure
Services definition (web, db)
Django + PostgreSQL setup
Environment variables in Compose
Depends_on và service orchestration
Networks trong Compose
Volumes for persistence
Development vs Production configs
docker-compose commands (up, down, logs, exec)
Database initialization
Running migrations in containers
Accessing Django shell in container

33. Deploying Django with Docker

Production Dockerfile optimization
Gunicorn setup in container
Nginx as reverse proxy
Static files serving with Nginx
Multi-container deployment
Docker networking in production
Environment management
Health checks
Container logging
Backup strategies
Deployment to cloud platforms (DigitalOcean, AWS, Railway)
Docker best practices

34. Comprehensive Project: News/Blog Website

Features:

User authentication và profile
Categories và tags
Rich text editor (WYSIWYG)
Image uploads
Pagination
Search functionality
Comment system
Admin dashboard
Contact form with email
SEO-friendly URLs
Docker setup included
docker-compose.yml with PostgreSQL

Structure:

news_website/├── articles/│   ├── models.py (Article, Category, Tag, Comment)│   ├── views.py (List, Detail, Create, Update)│   ├── forms.py (ArticleForm, CommentForm)│   └── urls.py├── accounts/│   ├── models.py (UserProfile)│   ├── views.py (Register, Login, Profile)│   └── forms.py (UserRegistrationForm)├── pages/│   ├── views.py (Home, About, Contact)│   └── forms.py (ContactForm)├── templates/├── Dockerfile├── docker-compose.yml├── .dockerignore├── requirements.txt└── .env.example

35. Practice Project: E-commerce Basic

35. Practice Project: E-commerce Basic

Features:

Product catalog với categories
Product detail với multiple images
Shopping cart (session-based)
Simple checkout form
Order management
Search và filter products
Pagination
Admin panel
Dockerized with PostgreSQL
Redis for sessions (optional)

Models:

Category
Product (ForeignKey to Category)
ProductImage (ForeignKey to Product)
Order
OrderItem (ForeignKey to Order và Product)

Docker Setup:

services:  - web (Django + Gunicorn)  - db (PostgreSQL)  - nginx (Static files)

36. Best Practices & Code Organization

Project structure best practices
Apps organization
Model design patterns
View organization
Template organization
Static files organization
Settings management
Code reusability
DRY principle
Documentation
Docker best practices
Security considerations
Performance tips

Prerequisites

✅ Hoàn thành Module 01: Python Basic
✅ Hoàn thành Module 02: Python Advanced (khuyến nghị)
Hiểu cơ bản về HTML/CSS
Hiểu cơ bản về databases

Thời Gian Học

Ước tính: 6-7 tuần (tăng để bao gồm Docker)
Thời lượng mỗi bài: 60-90 phút
Thực hành: 2-4 giờ/ngày
Total lessons: 36 bài học (bao gồm 3 bài Docker)

Tài Nguyên Tham Khảo

Projects

Mini Projects (Throughout Course)

Blog Application: Simple blog với posts, categories và comments
Todo List: Task management với user authentication
Contact Form: Form handling với email notification
Image Gallery: Upload và display images với pagination
Search System: Tìm kiếm và lọc dữ liệu
Dockerized App: Simple Django app với Docker Compose

Major Projects (End of Course)

Project 1: News/Blog Website (Comprehensive)

Technologies: Django 4.x, SQLite/PostgreSQL, Bootstrap 5
Features:

✅ User registration, login, logout, profile
✅ Article CRUD với rich text editor
✅ Categories và tags (many-to-many)
✅ Image uploads với thumbnail
✅ Comment system
✅ Search functionality
✅ Pagination
✅ Contact form với email
✅ SEO-friendly URLs (slugs)
✅ Admin dashboard customization
✅ Responsive design

Skills Covered:

Model relationships (ForeignKey, ManyToMany)
File uploads (ImageField)
Forms và validation
Generic views
Template inheritance
Static và media files
Email integration
Search với Q objects
Pagination
Authentication
Docker containerization
PostgreSQL in Docker
docker-compose orchestration

Time: 2-3 weeks

Project 2: E-commerce Website (Basic)

Technologies: Django 4.x, PostgreSQL, Bootstrap 5
Features:

✅ Product catalog với categories
✅ Product detail với multiple images
✅ Shopping cart (session-based)
✅ User registration và login
✅ Checkout form
✅ Order history
✅ Search và filter products
✅ Pagination
✅ Admin product management
✅ Responsive design

Skills Covered:

Complex model relationships
Many-to-many relationships
Session management
Form processing
QuerySet optimization
Image galleries
Order management
Admin customization
Docker multi-container setup
PostgreSQL + Redis containers
Production-ready Docker config

Time: 2-3 weeks

Project 3: Portfolio Website (Personal)

Technologies: Django 4.x, SQLite, Bootstrap 5
Features:

✅ Home page với intro
✅ Projects showcase với filter
✅ Skills section
✅ Blog posts
✅ Contact form with email
✅ Admin management
✅ Responsive và modern design

Skills Covered:

Static pages
Dynamic content management
Form handling
Email integration
Template customization
SEO optimization

Time: 1-2 weeks

Bài Tập

Mỗi bài học sẽ có:

✍️ Exercises: 5-10 bài tập thực hành
🔨 Hands-on Labs: Build features từng bước
📝 Quiz: 10-15 câu hỏi kiểm tra
🎯 Challenge: Bài tập nâng cao
💻 Code Review: Đánh giá code quality

Kết Quả Sau Khóa Học

Sau khi hoàn thành khóa Django Basic, bạn sẽ có thể:

✅ Kiến Thức & Kỹ Năng:

Web Development Fundamentals:
- Hiểu MVT pattern
- URL routing và views
- Template engine
- Forms và validation
- Static và media files
Database & Models:
- Django ORM
- Model relationships (ForeignKey, ManyToMany, OneToOne)
- Migrations
- QuerySets và queries
- Database optimization basics
User Management:
- Authentication system
- User registration/login
- Sessions và cookies
- Permissions basics
Advanced Features:
- File uploads
- Pagination
- Search functionality
- Email integration
- SEO-friendly URLs
- Admin customization
- Docker containerization
- Multi-container orchestration
Best Practices:
- Code organization
- DRY principle
- Security basics
- Testing fundamentals
- Docker deployment basics
- Environment management

🚀 Có Thể Xây Dựng:

✅ Blog/News Websites:
- Multiple categories
- Tagging system
- Comments
- Search
- Author profiles
✅ E-commerce Websites (Basic):
- Product catalog
- Shopping cart
- Checkout system
- Order management
- Product search/filter
✅ Portfolio Websites:
- Project showcase
- Skills display
- Contact forms
- Blog integration
- Admin management
✅ Business Websites:
- Company information
- Services pages
- Contact forms
- News/updates
- Image galleries
✅ Landing Pages:
- Product launches
- Event registration
- Email collection
- Contact forms
- Static content
✅ Web Đặc Thù:
- Job boards (basic)
- Directory websites
- Booking systems (simple)
- Review platforms
- Social features (basic)

📊 Tỷ Lệ Hoàn Thành Các Loại Web:

Loại Website	Khả Năng Làm	Ghi Chú
Blog/News	✅ 95%	Hoàn toàn có thể làm professional
E-commerce Basic	✅ 85%	Thiếu payment gateway (học ở Advanced)
Portfolio	✅ 100%	Hoàn toàn đủ
Landing Page	✅ 100%	Hoàn toàn đủ
Business Website	✅ 95%	Hoàn toàn có thể
Social Network	🟡 40%	Cần Django Advanced (real-time, API)
Marketplace	🟡 60%	Cần Django Advanced (payment, complex logic)

🎯 Không Thể Làm (Cần Django Advanced):

❌ Real-time applications (Chat, Notifications)
❌ RESTful APIs (Mobile apps)
❌ Payment gateway integration
❌ Complex authorization systems
❌ Microservices architecture
❌ WebSocket applications
❌ Celery task queues
❌ Advanced caching strategies
❌ GraphQL APIs
❌ Kubernetes orchestration (có Docker basics)
❌ CI/CD pipelines (có Docker basics)

Module Tiếp Theo

04-django-advanced - Django Nâng Cao cho Production Applications

Nội dung Django Advanced sẽ bao gồm:

🚀 Django REST Framework - Build APIs cho mobile/SPA
💳 Payment Integration - Stripe, PayPal, VNPay
📨 Celery Task Queue - Background jobs, async tasks
🔐 Advanced Authentication - JWT, OAuth, Social Auth
⚡ Caching - Redis, Memcached
📡 WebSockets - Django Channels, real-time features
🐳 Docker Advanced - Kubernetes, Docker Swarm, CI/CD
🔍 Elasticsearch - Advanced search
📊 Performance Optimization - Query optimization, profiling
🏗️ Architecture Patterns - Microservices, CQRS
🧪 Advanced Testing - Integration, E2E testing
📈 Monitoring & Logging - Sentry, ELK stack

Phân Biệt Basic vs Advanced:

Feature	Django Basic	Django Advanced
Scope	Single server apps	Large-scale systems
Users	< 10,000 users	100,000+ users
Features	Standard web apps	Complex enterprise apps
APIs	❌ No	✅ RESTful + GraphQL
Real-time	❌ No	✅ WebSockets
Payment	❌ No	✅ Multiple gateways
Async Tasks	❌ No	✅ Celery
Docker	✅ Basics	✅ Advanced (K8s, CI/CD)
Deployment	✅ Docker basics	✅ Production-grade
Testing	✅ Unit tests	✅ Full test coverage
Performance	✅ Basic	✅ Optimized

Roadmap Học Tập:

Django Basic (6-7 weeks)    ↓    Includes: Docker Basics    ↓Build 2-3 Real Projects (2-3 weeks)    ↓    Projects with Docker setup    ↓Django Advanced (6-8 weeks)    ↓    Kubernetes, CI/CD, Microservices    ↓Build Production App (4-6 weeks)    ↓Deploy & Maintain (Ongoing)

Tổng thời gian: 4-5 tháng để master Django từ cơ bản đến nâng cao!

#web-development

Django Basic - Cơ Bản Django