Django Basic - Cơ Bản Django

Mục Tiêu Module

Học các khái niệm cơ bản của Django framework để xây dựng web applications.

1. Giới Thiệu Django

• Django là gì?
• MVT (Model-View-Template) pattern
• Django vs Flask vs FastAPI
• Khi nào nên dùng Django
• Django ecosystem

2. Django Installation và Setup

• Cài đặt Django
• Tạo project với django-admin
• Cấu trúc Django project
• manage.py commands
• Development server

3. Django Apps

• Apps là gì?
• Tạo app với startapp
• Đăng ký apps trong INSTALLED_APPS
• App structure
• Reusable apps

4. URLs và Views

• URL routing
• URLconf (urls.py)
• path() và re_path()
• URL parameters
• Function-based views
• HttpRequest và HttpResponse

5. Templates

• Template engine
• Template syntax ({{ }}, {% %})
• Template variables
• Template filters
• Template tags
• Template inheritance (extends, block)
• include templates

6. Static Files

• STATIC_URL và STATIC_ROOT
• Organizing static files (CSS, JS, images)
• {% load static %}
• {% static %} tag
• collectstatic command

7. Models Cơ Bản

• ORM concepts
• Defining models
• Field types (CharField, IntegerField, etc.)
• Field options (max_length, null, blank, default)
• Meta options
• __str__ method

8. Database Migrations

• makemigrations command
• migrate command
• Migration files
• showmigrations
• Rolling back migrations
• Custom migrations

9. Django Admin

• Automatic admin interface
• Creating superuser
• Registering models
• Admin customization (list_display, search_fields)
• ModelAdmin class
• Admin actions

10. QuerySets

• Manager và QuerySets
• Creating objects (create, save)
• Retrieving objects (all, get, filter)
• Field lookups (exact, iexact, contains, gt, lt)
• Ordering results
• Limiting results

11. CRUD Operations

• Create (INSERT)
• Read (SELECT)
• Update (UPDATE)
• Delete (DELETE)
• get_or_create()
• update_or_create()

12. Forms

• Django Forms
• Form fields
• Rendering forms
• Form validation
• Cleaned data
• Error handling

13. Model Forms

• ModelForm class
• Automatic form generation
• fields và exclude
• Widgets
• Saving ModelForms

14. Authentication Basics

• User model
• Login và logout views
• login_required decorator
• User registration
• Password change
• Authentication backends

15. Sessions và Cookies

• Session framework
• Setting session data
• Reading session data
• Session configuration
• Cookie handling

16. Messages Framework

• Message levels (debug, info, success, warning, error)
• Adding messages
• Displaying messages
• Message tags

17. Middleware

• Middleware là gì?
• MIDDLEWARE setting
• Request/response cycle
• Common middleware
• Custom middleware basics

18. Django Settings

• settings.py overview
• DEBUG mode
• ALLOWED_HOSTS
• DATABASES configuration
• SECRET_KEY
• Environment variables với python-decouple

19. Generic Views

• TemplateView
• ListView
• DetailView
• CreateView
• UpdateView
• DeleteView

20. Testing Basics

• Django TestCase
• Writing test cases
• Testing views
• Testing models
• Test client
• Running tests

21. Model Relationships

• ForeignKey (many-to-one relationships)
• OneToOneField (one-to-one relationships)
• ManyToManyField (many-to-many relationships)
• Related queries (reverse lookups)
• on_delete options (CASCADE, PROTECT, SET_NULL)
• related_name attribute
• select_related() và prefetch_related()

22. File Uploads & Media Files

• MEDIA_URL và MEDIA_ROOT
• ImageField và FileField
• Pillow library installation
• File validation (size, type)
• Handling uploaded files
• Image thumbnails
• Serving media files in development

23. Pagination

• Paginator class
• Page object methods
• Template pagination
• ListView pagination
• URL parameters (?page=2)
• Custom pagination
• Ajax pagination basics

24. Search & Filtering

• Q objects for complex queries
• Search across multiple fields
• OR và AND conditions
• Search forms
• Filter with multiple parameters
• __icontains, __iexact lookups
• Search optimization

25. Slugs & SEO-Friendly URLs

• SlugField introduction
• Auto-generate slugs from title
• prepopulated_fields in admin
• Unique slugs handling
• get_absolute_url() method
• URL patterns with slugs
• SEO best practices

26. Email Configuration & Sending

• EMAIL_BACKEND settings
• SMTP configuration
• send_mail() function
• EmailMessage class
• HTML emails
• Email templates
• Attachments
• Contact form implementation
• Email with forms

27. Class-Based Views Advanced

• FormView
• get_context_data() override
• get_queryset() override
• Mixins (LoginRequiredMixin, UserPassesTestMixin)
• Multiple mixins
• Custom generic views
• Method override patterns

28. Template Advanced Features

• Template context processors
• Custom template tags
• Custom template filters
• Template fragments
• Caching template fragments
• Template best practices

29. Working with Multiple Databases

• DATABASES configuration
• Database routing basics
• Multi-database queries
• Database migrations for multiple DBs

30. Deployment Preparation

• Environment variables
• DEBUG = False settings
• ALLOWED_HOSTS configuration
• Static files collection
• SECRET_KEY security
• Database configuration for production
• requirements.txt
• .gitignore setup

31. Docker & Containerization Basics

• Docker concepts (Images, Containers, Volumes, Networks)
• Installing Docker Desktop
• Docker architecture
• Benefits of containerization
• Dockerfile fundamentals
• Writing Dockerfile for Django
• Docker image layers
• .dockerignore file
• Building và running containers
• Docker commands (build, run, stop, ps, logs)
• Container networking basics
• Volume mounting for development
• Multi-stage builds

32. Docker Compose for Django

• Docker Compose introduction
• docker-compose.yml structure
• Services definition (web, db)
• Django + PostgreSQL setup
• Environment variables in Compose
• Depends_on và service orchestration
• Networks trong Compose
• Volumes for persistence
• Development vs Production configs
• docker-compose commands (up, down, logs, exec)
• Database initialization
• Running migrations in containers
• Accessing Django shell in container

33. Deploying Django with Docker

• Production Dockerfile optimization
• Gunicorn setup in container
• Nginx as reverse proxy
• Static files serving with Nginx
• Multi-container deployment
• Docker networking in production
• Environment management
• Health checks
• Container logging
• Backup strategies
• Deployment to cloud platforms (DigitalOcean, AWS, Railway)
• Docker best practices

34. Comprehensive Project: News/Blog Website

Features:

• User authentication và profile
• Categories và tags
• Rich text editor (WYSIWYG)
• Image uploads
• Pagination
• Search functionality
• Comment system
• Admin dashboard
• Contact form with email
• SEO-friendly URLs
• Docker setup included
• docker-compose.yml with PostgreSQL

Structure:

news_website/
├── articles/
│   ├── models.py (Article, Category, Tag, Comment)
│   ├── views.py (List, Detail, Create, Update)
│   ├── forms.py (ArticleForm, CommentForm)
│   └── urls.py
├── accounts/
│   ├── models.py (UserProfile)
│   ├── views.py (Register, Login, Profile)
│   └── forms.py (UserRegistrationForm)
├── pages/
│   ├── views.py (Home, About, Contact)
│   └── forms.py (ContactForm)
├── templates/
├── Dockerfile
├── docker-compose.yml
├── .dockerignore
├── requirements.txt
└── .env.example

35. Practice Project: E-commerce Basic

35. Practice Project: E-commerce Basic

Features:

• Product catalog với categories
• Product detail với multiple images
• Shopping cart (session-based)
• Simple checkout form
• Order management
• Search và filter products
• Pagination
• Admin panel
• Dockerized with PostgreSQL
• Redis for sessions (optional)

Models:

• Category
• Product (ForeignKey to Category)
• ProductImage (ForeignKey to Product)
• Order
• OrderItem (ForeignKey to Order và Product)

Docker Setup:

services:
  - web (Django + Gunicorn)
  - db (PostgreSQL)
  - nginx (Static files)

36. Best Practices & Code Organization

• Project structure best practices
• Apps organization
• Model design patterns
• View organization
• Template organization
• Static files organization
• Settings management
• Code reusability
• DRY principle
• Documentation
• Docker best practices
• Security considerations
• Performance tips

Prerequisites

• ✅ Hoàn thành Module 01: Python Basic
• ✅ Hoàn thành Module 02: Python Advanced (khuyến nghị)
• Hiểu cơ bản về HTML/CSS
• Hiểu cơ bản về databases

Thời Gian Học

• Ước tính: 6-7 tuần (tăng để bao gồm Docker)
• Thời lượng mỗi bài: 60-90 phút
• Thực hành: 2-4 giờ/ngày
• Total lessons: 36 bài học (bao gồm 3 bài Docker)

Tài Nguyên Tham Khảo

• Django Official Documentation
• Django Tutorial
• Django for Beginners (Book)
• Real Python - Django Tutorials

Mini Projects (Throughout Course)

1. Blog Application: Simple blog với posts, categories và comments

2. Todo List: Task management với user authentication

3. Contact Form: Form handling với email notification

4. Image Gallery: Upload và display images với pagination

5. Search System: Tìm kiếm và lọc dữ liệu

6. Dockerized App: Simple Django app với Docker Compose

Major Projects (End of Course)

Project 1: News/Blog Website (Comprehensive)

Technologies: Django 4.x, SQLite/PostgreSQL, Bootstrap 5

Features:

• ✅ User registration, login, logout, profile
• ✅ Article CRUD với rich text editor
• ✅ Categories và tags (many-to-many)
• ✅ Image uploads với thumbnail
• ✅ Comment system
• ✅ Search functionality
• ✅ Pagination
• ✅ Contact form với email
• ✅ SEO-friendly URLs (slugs)
• ✅ Admin dashboard customization
• ✅ Responsive design

Skills Covered:

• Model relationships (ForeignKey, ManyToMany)
• File uploads (ImageField)
• Forms và validation
• Generic views
• Template inheritance
• Static và media files
• Email integration
• Search với Q objects
• Pagination
• Authentication
• Docker containerization
• PostgreSQL in Docker
• docker-compose orchestration

Time: 2-3 weeks

Project 2: E-commerce Website (Basic)

Technologies: Django 4.x, PostgreSQL, Bootstrap 5

Features:

• ✅ Product catalog với categories
• ✅ Product detail với multiple images
• ✅ Shopping cart (session-based)
• ✅ User registration và login
• ✅ Checkout form
• ✅ Order history
• ✅ Search và filter products
• ✅ Pagination
• ✅ Admin product management
• ✅ Responsive design

Skills Covered:

• Complex model relationships
• Many-to-many relationships
• Session management
• Form processing
• QuerySet optimization
• Image galleries
• Order management
• Admin customization
• Docker multi-container setup
• PostgreSQL + Redis containers
• Production-ready Docker config

Time: 2-3 weeks

Project 3: Portfolio Website (Personal)

Technologies: Django 4.x, SQLite, Bootstrap 5

Features:

• ✅ Home page với intro
• ✅ Projects showcase với filter
• ✅ Skills section
• ✅ Blog posts
• ✅ Contact form with email
• ✅ Admin management
• ✅ Responsive và modern design

Skills Covered:

• Static pages
• Dynamic content management
• Form handling
• Email integration
• Template customization
• SEO optimization

Time: 1-2 weeks

Bài Tập

Mỗi bài học sẽ có:

• ✍️ Exercises: 5-10 bài tập thực hành
• 🔨 Hands-on Labs: Build features từng bước
• 📝 Quiz: 10-15 câu hỏi kiểm tra
• 🎯 Challenge: Bài tập nâng cao
• 💻 Code Review: Đánh giá code quality

✅ Kiến Thức & Kỹ Năng:

1. Web Development Fundamentals:

- Hiểu MVT pattern

- URL routing và views

- Template engine

- Forms và validation

- Static và media files

2. Database & Models:

- Django ORM

- Model relationships (ForeignKey, ManyToMany, OneToOne)

- Migrations

- QuerySets và queries

- Database optimization basics

3. User Management:

- Authentication system

- User registration/login

- Sessions và cookies

- Permissions basics

4. Advanced Features:

- File uploads

- Pagination

- Search functionality

- Email integration

- SEO-friendly URLs

- Admin customization

- Docker containerization

- Multi-container orchestration

5. Best Practices:

- Code organization

- DRY principle

- Security basics

- Testing fundamentals

- Docker deployment basics

- Environment management

🚀 Có Thể Xây Dựng:

1. ✅ Blog/News Websites:

- Multiple categories

- Tagging system

- Comments

- Search

- Author profiles

2. ✅ E-commerce Websites (Basic):

- Product catalog

- Shopping cart

- Checkout system

- Order management

- Product search/filter

3. ✅ Portfolio Websites:

- Project showcase

- Skills display

- Contact forms

- Blog integration

- Admin management

4. ✅ Business Websites:

- Company information

- Services pages

- Contact forms

- News/updates

- Image galleries

5. ✅ Landing Pages:

- Product launches

- Event registration

- Email collection

- Contact forms

- Static content

6. ✅ Web Đặc Thù:

- Job boards (basic)

- Directory websites

- Booking systems (simple)

- Review platforms

- Social features (basic)

📊 Tỷ Lệ Hoàn Thành Các Loại Web:

🎯 Không Thể Làm (Cần Django Advanced):

• ❌ Real-time applications (Chat, Notifications)
• ❌ RESTful APIs (Mobile apps)
• ❌ Payment gateway integration
• ❌ Complex authorization systems
• ❌ Microservices architecture
• ❌ WebSocket applications
• ❌ Celery task queues
• ❌ Advanced caching strategies
• ❌ GraphQL APIs
• ❌ Kubernetes orchestration (có Docker basics)
• ❌ CI/CD pipelines (có Docker basics)

Nội dung Django Advanced sẽ bao gồm:

• 🚀 Django REST Framework - Build APIs cho mobile/SPA
• 💳 Payment Integration - Stripe, PayPal, VNPay
• 📨 Celery Task Queue - Background jobs, async tasks
• 🔐 Advanced Authentication - JWT, OAuth, Social Auth
• ⚡ Caching - Redis, Memcached
• 📡 WebSockets - Django Channels, real-time features
• 🐳 Docker Advanced - Kubernetes, Docker Swarm, CI/CD
• 🔍 Elasticsearch - Advanced search
• 📊 Performance Optimization - Query optimization, profiling
• 🏗️ Architecture Patterns - Microservices, CQRS
• 🧪 Advanced Testing - Integration, E2E testing
• 📈 Monitoring & Logging - Sentry, ELK stack

Phân Biệt Basic vs Advanced: