Bài 35: E-commerce Practice Project (Part 4)

Product Reviews

Review Models

# reviews/models.pyfrom django.db import modelsfrom django.contrib.auth.models import Userfrom django.core.validators import MinValueValidator, MaxValueValidatorfrom products.models import Product class Review(models.Model):    """Đánh giá sản phẩm"""    product = models.ForeignKey(Product, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='reviews')    user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='reviews')    rating = models.IntegerField(        validators=[MinValueValidator(1), MaxValueValidator(5)]    )    title = models.CharField(max_length=200)    content = models.TextField()        # Moderation    is_approved = models.BooleanField(default=False)    is_verified_purchase = models.BooleanField(default=False)        # Helpful votes    helpful_count = models.PositiveIntegerField(default=0)        created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)    updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)        class Meta:        ordering = ['-created_at']        unique_together = ['product', 'user']        def __str__(self):        return f'{self.user.username} - {self.product.name} ({self.rating}★)' class ReviewHelpful(models.Model):    """Lượt đánh giá review hữu ích"""    review = models.ForeignKey(Review, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='helpful_votes')    user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)        class Meta:        unique_together = ['review', 'user']        def __str__(self):        return f'{self.user.username} found helpful: {self.review}'

Review Views

# reviews/views.pyfrom django.shortcuts import render, redirect, get_object_or_404from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_requiredfrom django.contrib import messagesfrom django.http import JsonResponsefrom products.models import Productfrom orders.models import OrderItemfrom .models import Review, ReviewHelpfulfrom .forms import ReviewForm @login_requireddef review_create(request, product_id):    """Tạo đánh giá"""    product = get_object_or_404(Product, id=product_id)        # Check if user has purchased product    has_purchased = OrderItem.objects.filter(        order__user=request.user,        order__status='delivered',        product=product    ).exists()        # Check if user already reviewed    existing_review = Review.objects.filter(        product=product,        user=request.user    ).exists()        if existing_review:        messages.warning(request, 'You have already reviewed this product.')        return redirect('products:product_detail', slug=product.slug)        if request.method == 'POST':        form = ReviewForm(request.POST)        if form.is_valid():            review = form.save(commit=False)            review.product = product            review.user = request.user            review.is_verified_purchase = has_purchased            review.save()                        messages.success(request, 'Review submitted! It will be visible after approval.')            return redirect('products:product_detail', slug=product.slug)    else:        form = ReviewForm()        context = {        'form': form,        'product': product,        'has_purchased': has_purchased,    }    return render(request, 'reviews/review_form.html', context) @login_requireddef review_edit(request, review_id):    """Chỉnh sửa đánh giá"""    review = get_object_or_404(Review, id=review_id, user=request.user)        if request.method == 'POST':        form = ReviewForm(request.POST, instance=review)        if form.is_valid():            form.save()            messages.success(request, 'Review updated successfully.')            return redirect('products:product_detail', slug=review.product.slug)    else:        form = ReviewForm(instance=review)        context = {        'form': form,        'review': review,        'product': review.product,    }    return render(request, 'reviews/review_form.html', context) @login_requireddef review_delete(request, review_id):    """Xóa đánh giá"""    review = get_object_or_404(Review, id=review_id, user=request.user)    product_slug = review.product.slug        if request.method == 'POST':        review.delete()        messages.success(request, 'Review deleted.')        return redirect('products:product_detail', slug=product_slug)        context = {        'review': review,    }    return render(request, 'reviews/review_confirm_delete.html', context) @login_requireddef review_helpful(request, review_id):    """Đánh dấu review hữu ích"""    review = get_object_or_404(Review, id=review_id)        helpful, created = ReviewHelpful.objects.get_or_create(        review=review,        user=request.user    )        if not created:        # Already marked helpful, remove it        helpful.delete()        review.helpful_count -= 1        is_helpful = False    else:        review.helpful_count += 1        is_helpful = True        review.save()        if request.headers.get('X-Requested-With') == 'XMLHttpRequest':        return JsonResponse({            'success': True,            'is_helpful': is_helpful,            'helpful_count': review.helpful_count,        })        return redirect('products:product_detail', slug=review.product.slug)

Review Forms

# reviews/forms.pyfrom django import formsfrom .models import Review class ReviewForm(forms.ModelForm):    """Form đánh giá sản phẩm"""    class Meta:        model = Review        fields = ['rating', 'title', 'content']        widgets = {            'rating': forms.RadioSelect(choices=[(i, f'{i} Star{"s" if i > 1 else ""}') for i in range(1, 6)]),            'title': forms.TextInput(attrs={                'class': 'form-control',                'placeholder': 'Summary of your review'            }),            'content': forms.Textarea(attrs={                'class': 'form-control',                'placeholder': 'Write your review here...',                'rows': 5            }),        }

Product Search and Filters

Product Views (Enhanced)

# products/views.pyfrom django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404from django.core.paginator import Paginatorfrom django.db.models import Q, Avg, Countfrom .models import Product, Category, Brand def product_list(request):    """Danh sách sản phẩm với filter và search"""    products = Product.objects.filter(        status='published',        is_active=True    ).select_related('category', 'brand')        # Search    query = request.GET.get('q')    if query:        products = products.filter(            Q(name__icontains=query) |            Q(description__icontains=query) |            Q(short_description__icontains=query)        )        # Filter by category    category_slug = request.GET.get('category')    if category_slug:        category = get_object_or_404(Category, slug=category_slug)        products = products.filter(category=category)        # Filter by brand    brand_slug = request.GET.get('brand')    if brand_slug:        brand = get_object_or_404(Brand, slug=brand_slug)        products = products.filter(brand=brand)        # Filter by price range    min_price = request.GET.get('min_price')    max_price = request.GET.get('max_price')    if min_price:        products = products.filter(price__gte=min_price)    if max_price:        products = products.filter(price__lte=max_price)        # Filter by rating    min_rating = request.GET.get('min_rating')    if min_rating:        products = products.annotate(            avg_rating=Avg('reviews__rating')        ).filter(avg_rating__gte=min_rating)        # Filter by availability    in_stock = request.GET.get('in_stock')    if in_stock:        products = products.filter(stock__gt=0)        # Sort    sort = request.GET.get('sort', '-created_at')    if sort == 'price_asc':        products = products.order_by('price')    elif sort == 'price_desc':        products = products.order_by('-price')    elif sort == 'name':        products = products.order_by('name')    elif sort == 'popular':        products = products.order_by('-sales_count')    elif sort == 'rating':        products = products.annotate(            avg_rating=Avg('reviews__rating')        ).order_by('-avg_rating')    else:        products = products.order_by(sort)        # Pagination    paginator = Paginator(products, 12)    page_number = request.GET.get('page')    page_obj = paginator.get_page(page_number)        # Get categories and brands for filters    categories = Category.objects.filter(is_active=True)    brands = Brand.objects.filter(is_active=True)        context = {        'page_obj': page_obj,        'categories': categories,        'brands': brands,        'query': query,        'current_sort': sort,    }    return render(request, 'products/product_list.html', context) def product_detail(request, slug):    """Chi tiết sản phẩm"""    product = get_object_or_404(        Product.objects.select_related('category', 'brand')                      .prefetch_related('images', 'variants', 'attributes'),        slug=slug,        is_active=True    )        # Increment views    product.increment_views()        # Get reviews    reviews = product.reviews.filter(is_approved=True).select_related('user')        # Calculate rating statistics    rating_stats = reviews.aggregate(        average=Avg('rating'),        count=Count('id')    )        # Get related products    related_products = Product.objects.filter(        category=product.category,        is_active=True,        status='published'    ).exclude(id=product.id)[:4]        # Check if user has reviewed    user_review = None    if request.user.is_authenticated:        user_review = reviews.filter(user=request.user).first()        context = {        'product': product,        'reviews': reviews[:5],  # Show first 5 reviews        'rating_stats': rating_stats,        'related_products': related_products,        'user_review': user_review,    }    return render(request, 'products/product_detail.html', context) def category_detail(request, slug):    """Chi tiết danh mục"""    category = get_object_or_404(Category, slug=slug, is_active=True)        products = Product.objects.filter(        category=category,        status='published',        is_active=True    )        # Apply same filters as product_list    # ... (similar filtering logic)        paginator = Paginator(products, 12)    page_number = request.GET.get('page')    page_obj = paginator.get_page(page_number)        context = {        'category': category,        'page_obj': page_obj,    }    return render(request, 'products/category_detail.html', context)

Docker Configuration

Dockerfile

# DockerfileFROM python:3.11-slim ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1 # Install system dependenciesRUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \    postgresql-client \    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* # Create app userRUN groupadd -r app && useradd -r -g app app WORKDIR /app # Install Python dependenciesCOPY requirements.txt .RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt # Copy projectCOPY --chown=app:app . . # Create necessary directoriesRUN mkdir -p media/products media/categories media/brands media/profiles staticfiles # Collect static filesRUN python manage.py collectstatic --noinput USER app EXPOSE 8000 CMD ["gunicorn", "--bind", "0.0.0.0:8000", "--workers", "3", "ecommerce_store.wsgi:application"]

docker-compose.yml

# docker-compose.ymlversion: '3.8' services:  db:    image: postgres:15-alpine    container_name: ecommerce_db    volumes:      - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data    environment:      POSTGRES_DB: ecommerce_db      POSTGRES_USER: postgres      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres    restart: unless-stopped    healthcheck:      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U postgres"]      interval: 10s      timeout: 5s      retries: 5    networks:      - backend   web:    build: .    container_name: ecommerce_web    command: gunicorn --bind 0.0.0.0:8000 --workers 3 ecommerce_store.wsgi:application    volumes:      - static_volume:/app/staticfiles      - media_volume:/app/media    environment:      DEBUG: "False"      SECRET_KEY: "your-secret-key-change-in-production"      DB_NAME: ecommerce_db      DB_USER: postgres      DB_PASSWORD: postgres      DB_HOST: db      DB_PORT: 5432      ALLOWED_HOSTS: "localhost,127.0.0.1"    depends_on:      db:        condition: service_healthy    restart: unless-stopped    networks:      - backend      - frontend   nginx:    image: nginx:alpine    container_name: ecommerce_nginx    ports:      - "80:80"    volumes:      - ./nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf:ro      - static_volume:/app/staticfiles:ro      - media_volume:/app/media:ro    depends_on:      - web    restart: unless-stopped    networks:      - frontend volumes:  postgres_data:  static_volume:  media_volume: networks:  frontend:    driver: bridge  backend:    driver: bridge

Nginx Configuration

# nginx/nginx.confupstream django {    server web:8000;} server {    listen 80;    server_name localhost;    client_max_body_size 20M;        location / {        proxy_pass http://django;        proxy_set_header Host $host;        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;        proxy_redirect off;    }        location /static/ {        alias /app/staticfiles/;        expires 30d;        add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";    }        location /media/ {        alias /app/media/;        expires 30d;    }}

Complete URL Configuration

# ecommerce_store/urls.pyfrom django.contrib import adminfrom django.urls import path, includefrom django.conf import settingsfrom django.conf.urls.static import static urlpatterns = [    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),    path('', include('pages.urls')),    path('products/', include('products.urls')),    path('cart/', include('cart.urls')),    path('orders/', include('orders.urls')),    path('accounts/', include('accounts.urls')),    path('reviews/', include('reviews.urls')),    path('payments/', include('payments.urls')),] if settings.DEBUG:    urlpatterns += static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)    urlpatterns += static(settings.STATIC_URL, document_root=settings.STATIC_ROOT)

Deployment Steps

# 1. Clone or create projectcd ecommerce_store # 2. Create .env filecat > .env << EOFDEBUG=FalseSECRET_KEY=your-secret-key-hereDB_NAME=ecommerce_dbDB_USER=postgresDB_PASSWORD=postgresDB_HOST=dbDB_PORT=5432ALLOWED_HOSTS=localhost,127.0.0.1,yourdomain.com # VNPay settings (optional)VNPAY_URL=https://sandbox.vnpayment.vn/paymentv2/vpcpay.htmlVNPAY_TMN_CODE=your_tmn_codeVNPAY_HASH_SECRET=your_hash_secretVNPAY_RETURN_URL=http://localhost/payments/return/EOF # 3. Build and startdocker-compose up -d --build # 4. Run migrationsdocker-compose exec web python manage.py migrate # 5. Create superuserdocker-compose exec web python manage.py createsuperuser # 6. Create sample data (optional)docker-compose exec web python manage.py shell>>> from products.models import Category, Brand>>> Category.objects.create(name='Electronics')>>> Category.objects.create(name='Fashion')>>> Category.objects.create(name='Home & Garden')>>> Brand.objects.create(name='Samsung')>>> Brand.objects.create(name='Apple')>>> exit() # 7. Access application# Website: http://localhost# Admin: http://localhost/admin

Project Structure Summary

ecommerce_store/├── ecommerce_store/│   ├── settings.py│   ├── urls.py│   └── wsgi.py├── products/│   ├── models.py (Product, Category, Brand, ProductVariant, ProductImage, ProductAttribute)│   ├── views.py (product_list, product_detail, category_detail)│   ├── forms.py│   ├── admin.py│   └── urls.py├── cart/│   ├── cart.py (SessionCart class)│   ├── models.py (Cart, CartItem)│   ├── views.py (cart operations)│   ├── context_processors.py│   └── urls.py├── orders/│   ├── models.py (Order, OrderItem)│   ├── views.py (checkout, order_detail, order_list)│   ├── forms.py (CheckoutForm)│   ├── admin.py│   └── urls.py├── accounts/│   ├── models.py (UserProfile, Wishlist)│   ├── views.py (profile, wishlist)│   ├── forms.py│   └── urls.py├── reviews/│   ├── models.py (Review, ReviewHelpful)│   ├── views.py (review CRUD, helpful)│   ├── forms.py│   └── urls.py├── payments/│   ├── models.py (Payment)│   ├── views.py (payment processing)│   ├── vnpay.py (VNPay integration)│   └── urls.py├── pages/│   ├── views.py (home, about, contact)│   └── urls.py├── templates/├── static/├── media/├── nginx/│   └── nginx.conf├── Dockerfile├── docker-compose.yml├── requirements.txt└── .env.example

Bài Tập

Exercise 1: Complete Project

Task: Hoàn thiện toàn bộ E-commerce project:

# Requirements:# 1. Implement all models# 2. Create all views and templates# 3. Add Bootstrap 5 styling# 4. Test all features (product, cart, checkout, payment, reviews)# 5. Admin customization for all models# 6. Deploy with Docker# 7. Create sample products (at least 20)# 8. Test complete user flow

Exercise 2: Advanced Features

Task: Thêm các tính năng nâng cao:

# Requirements:# 1. Coupon/discount codes# 2. Email notifications (order confirmation, shipping updates)# 3. Product comparison# 4. Recently viewed products# 5. Product recommendations (based on views/purchases)# 6. Advanced search with filters (price, rating, brand, etc.)# 7. Export orders to CSV/PDF# 8. Dashboard for sales analytics# 9. Multi-language support# 10. Social login (Google, Facebook)

Exercise 3: Performance Optimization

Task: Optimize performance:

# Requirements:# 1. Database query optimization (select_related, prefetch_related)# 2. Redis caching for products and cart# 3. Image optimization and lazy loading# 4. CDN for static files# 5. Database indexing# 6. Load testing with locust# 7. Monitoring with Prometheus# 8. Celery for async tasks (email, image processing)

Exercise 4: Production Deployment

Task: Deploy to production:

# Requirements:# 1. Deploy to DigitalOcean/AWS/Railway# 2. Setup domain and SSL certificate# 3. Configure production database (managed PostgreSQL)# 4. Setup email service (SendGrid/Mailgun)# 5. Configure media storage (AWS S3/DigitalOcean Spaces)# 6. Setup automated backups# 7. Configure monitoring and alerts# 8. Setup CI/CD pipeline# 9. Load testing# 10. Security audit

Feature Checklist

✅ Product Management  ✅ Categories with hierarchy  ✅ Brands  ✅ Products with variants  ✅ Multiple images per product  ✅ Product attributes  ✅ Stock management  ✅ Featured products ✅ Shopping Cart  ✅ Session-based cart  ✅ Database cart for logged users  ✅ Add/remove/update items  ✅ Product variants support  ✅ Stock validation ✅ Wishlist  ✅ Add/remove products  ✅ View wishlist  ✅ Move to cart ✅ Checkout  ✅ Shipping information form  ✅ Order summary  ✅ Order creation  ✅ Stock reduction ✅ Orders  ✅ Order list  ✅ Order detail  ✅ Order status tracking  ✅ Order cancellation  ✅ Order history ✅ Payment  ✅ Cash on Delivery  ✅ VNPay integration  ✅ Payment status tracking  ✅ Transaction records ✅ Reviews  ✅ Create/edit/delete reviews  ✅ Rating system (1-5 stars)  ✅ Review moderation  ✅ Verified purchase badge  ✅ Helpful votes ✅ Search & Filter  ✅ Product search  ✅ Filter by category  ✅ Filter by brand  ✅ Filter by price range  ✅ Filter by rating  ✅ Sort options ✅ User Management  ✅ Registration/login  ✅ User profile  ✅ Address management  ✅ Order history ✅ Admin  ✅ Custom admin for all models  ✅ Inline editing  ✅ Filters and search  ✅ Custom actions  ✅ Order management ✅ Docker Deployment  ✅ Dockerfile  ✅ docker-compose.yml  ✅ Nginx configuration  ✅ PostgreSQL database  ✅ Volume management

Tài Liệu Tham Khảo

Previous: Bài 35.3: Checkout and Orders | Next: Bài 36: Best Practices & Code Organization

#reviews

Project 9: Dual Rating System

E-commerce Practice Project (Part 4)