Bài 34: Comprehensive Project - News/Blog Website (Part 4)

Docker Setup

Dockerfile

# DockerfileFROM python:3.11-slim ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1 # Install system dependenciesRUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \    postgresql-client \    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* # Create app userRUN groupadd -r app && useradd -r -g app app WORKDIR /app # Install Python dependenciesCOPY requirements.txt .RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt # Copy project filesCOPY --chown=app:app . . # Create necessary directoriesRUN mkdir -p media/articles media/profiles staticfiles # Collect static filesRUN python manage.py collectstatic --noinput USER app EXPOSE 8000 CMD ["gunicorn", "--bind", "0.0.0.0:8000", "--workers", "3", "news_website.wsgi:application"]

docker-compose.yml

# docker-compose.ymlversion: '3.8' services:  db:    image: postgres:15-alpine    container_name: news_db    volumes:      - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data    environment:      POSTGRES_DB: news_db      POSTGRES_USER: news_user      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: news_password    restart: unless-stopped    healthcheck:      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U news_user"]      interval: 10s      timeout: 5s      retries: 5    networks:      - backend   web:    build: .    container_name: news_web    command: gunicorn --bind 0.0.0.0:8000 --workers 3 news_website.wsgi:application    volumes:      - static_volume:/app/staticfiles      - media_volume:/app/media    environment:      DEBUG: "False"      SECRET_KEY: "your-secret-key-here-change-in-production"      DATABASE_URL: postgresql://news_user:news_password@db:5432/news_db      ALLOWED_HOSTS: "localhost,127.0.0.1"    depends_on:      db:        condition: service_healthy    restart: unless-stopped    networks:      - backend      - frontend   nginx:    image: nginx:alpine    container_name: news_nginx    ports:      - "80:80"    volumes:      - ./nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf:ro      - static_volume:/app/staticfiles:ro      - media_volume:/app/media:ro    depends_on:      - web    restart: unless-stopped    networks:      - frontend volumes:  postgres_data:  static_volume:  media_volume: networks:  frontend:    driver: bridge  backend:    driver: bridge

Nginx Configuration

# nginx/nginx.confupstream django {    server web:8000;} server {    listen 80;    server_name localhost;        client_max_body_size 10M;        location / {        proxy_pass http://django;        proxy_set_header Host $host;        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;        proxy_redirect off;    }        location /static/ {        alias /app/staticfiles/;        expires 30d;        add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";    }        location /media/ {        alias /app/media/;        expires 30d;    }}

.env Configuration

# .env.exampleDEBUG=FalseSECRET_KEY=your-secret-key-here-change-in-productionALLOWED_HOSTS=localhost,127.0.0.1,yourdomain.com # DatabaseDB_NAME=news_dbDB_USER=news_userDB_PASSWORD=news_passwordDB_HOST=dbDB_PORT=5432 # or use DATABASE_URLDATABASE_URL=postgresql://news_user:news_password@db:5432/news_db # Email (optional)EMAIL_HOST=smtp.gmail.comEMAIL_PORT=587EMAIL_HOST_USER=your-email@gmail.comEMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD=your-app-passwordEMAIL_USE_TLS=True

.dockerignore

# .dockerignore*.pyc__pycache__/*.pyo*.pyd.Pythonenv/venv/.venv/ENV/db.sqlite3.env.git/.gitignore.vscode/.idea/*.logstaticfiles/media/*.md!README.md.DS_StoreThumbs.db

Production Settings

Settings Configuration

# news_website/settings.pyfrom pathlib import Pathfrom decouple import config, Csvimport dj_database_url BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent # SecuritySECRET_KEY = config('SECRET_KEY')DEBUG = config('DEBUG', default=False, cast=bool)ALLOWED_HOSTS = config('ALLOWED_HOSTS', cast=Csv()) # Installed AppsINSTALLED_APPS = [    'django.contrib.admin',    'django.contrib.auth',    'django.contrib.contenttypes',    'django.contrib.sessions',    'django.contrib.messages',    'django.contrib.staticfiles',        # Third-party    'ckeditor',    'ckeditor_uploader',        # Local apps    'articles',    'accounts',    'pages',] MIDDLEWARE = [    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',    'whitenoise.middleware.WhiteNoiseMiddleware',  # WhiteNoise for static files    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',] # DatabaseDATABASES = {    'default': dj_database_url.config(        default=config('DATABASE_URL'),        conn_max_age=600    )} # Static filesSTATIC_URL = '/static/'STATIC_ROOT = BASE_DIR / 'staticfiles'STATICFILES_DIRS = [BASE_DIR / 'static']STATICFILES_STORAGE = 'whitenoise.storage.CompressedManifestStaticFilesStorage' # Media filesMEDIA_URL = '/media/'MEDIA_ROOT = BASE_DIR / 'media' # CKEditorCKEDITOR_UPLOAD_PATH = 'uploads/'CKEDITOR_CONFIGS = {    'default': {        'toolbar': 'full',        'height': 300,        'width': '100%',    },} # Security settings for productionif not DEBUG:    SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT = True    SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE = True    CSRF_COOKIE_SECURE = True    SECURE_HSTS_SECONDS = 31536000    SECURE_HSTS_INCLUDE_SUBDOMAINS = True    SECURE_HSTS_PRELOAD = True # AuthenticationLOGIN_URL = 'accounts:login'LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL = 'articles:article_list'LOGOUT_REDIRECT_URL = 'articles:article_list' # Messagesfrom django.contrib.messages import constants as messagesMESSAGE_TAGS = {    messages.DEBUG: 'debug',    messages.INFO: 'info',    messages.SUCCESS: 'success',    messages.WARNING: 'warning',    messages.ERROR: 'danger',} # Email configurationEMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend'EMAIL_HOST = config('EMAIL_HOST', default='smtp.gmail.com')EMAIL_PORT = config('EMAIL_PORT', default=587, cast=int)EMAIL_USE_TLS = config('EMAIL_USE_TLS', default=True, cast=bool)EMAIL_HOST_USER = config('EMAIL_HOST_USER', default='')EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = config('EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD', default='')

Testing

Model Tests

# articles/tests.pyfrom django.test import TestCasefrom django.contrib.auth.models import Userfrom .models import Category, Tag, Article, Comment class CategoryModelTest(TestCase):    def setUp(self):        self.category = Category.objects.create(name='Technology')        def test_category_creation(self):        self.assertEqual(self.category.name, 'Technology')        self.assertEqual(self.category.slug, 'technology')        def test_category_str(self):        self.assertEqual(str(self.category), 'Technology')        def test_category_absolute_url(self):        url = self.category.get_absolute_url()        self.assertEqual(url, f'/category/{self.category.slug}/') class ArticleModelTest(TestCase):    def setUp(self):        self.user = User.objects.create_user(            username='testuser',            password='testpass123'        )        self.category = Category.objects.create(name='Tech')        self.article = Article.objects.create(            title='Test Article',            author=self.user,            category=self.category,            excerpt='Test excerpt',            content='Test content',            status='published'        )        def test_article_creation(self):        self.assertEqual(self.article.title, 'Test Article')        self.assertEqual(self.article.author, self.user)        self.assertEqual(self.article.status, 'published')        def test_article_slug_generation(self):        self.assertEqual(self.article.slug, 'test-article')        def test_article_str(self):        self.assertEqual(str(self.article), 'Test Article')        def test_article_increment_views(self):        initial_views = self.article.views        self.article.increment_views()        self.assertEqual(self.article.views, initial_views + 1)        def test_article_comment_count(self):        Comment.objects.create(            article=self.article,            user=self.user,            content='Test comment'        )        self.assertEqual(self.article.comment_count, 1)

View Tests

# articles/tests.py (continued)from django.test import TestCase, Clientfrom django.urls import reverse class ArticleViewTest(TestCase):    def setUp(self):        self.client = Client()        self.user = User.objects.create_user(            username='testuser',            password='testpass123'        )        self.category = Category.objects.create(name='Tech')        self.article = Article.objects.create(            title='Test Article',            author=self.user,            category=self.category,            excerpt='Test excerpt',            content='Test content',            status='published'        )        def test_article_list_view(self):        response = self.client.get(reverse('articles:article_list'))        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)        self.assertContains(response, 'Test Article')        self.assertTemplateUsed(response, 'articles/article_list.html')        def test_article_detail_view(self):        response = self.client.get(            reverse('articles:article_detail', kwargs={'slug': self.article.slug})        )        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)        self.assertContains(response, 'Test Article')        self.assertTemplateUsed(response, 'articles/article_detail.html')        def test_article_create_view_login_required(self):        response = self.client.get(reverse('articles:article_create'))        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)  # Redirect to login        def test_article_create_view_authenticated(self):        self.client.login(username='testuser', password='testpass123')        response = self.client.get(reverse('articles:article_create'))        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)        self.assertTemplateUsed(response, 'articles/article_form.html')        def test_article_search(self):        response = self.client.get(reverse('articles:article_search') + '?q=Test')        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)        self.assertContains(response, 'Test Article')

Run Tests

# Run all testspython manage.py test # Run specific app testspython manage.py test articles # Run with coveragepip install coveragecoverage run manage.py testcoverage reportcoverage html

Deployment Workflow

Initial Setup

# 1. Clone repository (or create project)git clone https://github.com/yourusername/news-website.gitcd news-website # 2. Create .env filecp .env.example .env# Edit .env with production values # 3. Build and start containersdocker-compose up -d --build # 4. Run migrationsdocker-compose exec web python manage.py migrate # 5. Create superuserdocker-compose exec web python manage.py createsuperuser # 6. Create default categoriesdocker-compose exec web python manage.py shell>>> from articles.models import Category>>> Category.objects.create(name='Technology')>>> Category.objects.create(name='Business')>>> Category.objects.create(name='Sports')>>> Category.objects.create(name='Entertainment')>>> exit() # 7. Access application# http://localhost# Admin: http://localhost/admin

Update Deployment

# 1. Pull latest codegit pull origin main # 2. Rebuild and restartdocker-compose up -d --build # 3. Run migrationsdocker-compose exec web python manage.py migrate # 4. Collect static filesdocker-compose exec web python manage.py collectstatic --noinput # 5. Check logsdocker-compose logs -f web

Database Backup

# Backup databasedocker-compose exec db pg_dump -U news_user news_db > backup_$(date +%Y%m%d).sql # Restore databasedocker-compose exec -T db psql -U news_user news_db < backup_20240101.sql # Automated backup script#!/bin/bash# backup.shBACKUP_DIR="./backups"mkdir -p $BACKUP_DIRDATE=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)docker-compose exec -T db pg_dump -U news_user news_db > $BACKUP_DIR/backup_$DATE.sqlfind $BACKUP_DIR -name "backup_*.sql" -mtime +7 -deleteecho "Backup completed: $BACKUP_DIR/backup_$DATE.sql"

Complete Project Structure

news_website/├── news_website/│   ├── __init__.py│   ├── settings.py│   ├── urls.py│   └── wsgi.py├── articles/│   ├── migrations/│   ├── templates/│   │   └── articles/│   │       ├── article_list.html│   │       ├── article_detail.html│   │       ├── article_form.html│   │       ├── article_confirm_delete.html│   │       ├── category_detail.html│   │       ├── tag_detail.html│   │       ├── article_search.html│   │       └── user_articles.html│   ├── __init__.py│   ├── admin.py│   ├── apps.py│   ├── forms.py│   ├── models.py│   ├── tests.py│   ├── urls.py│   └── views.py├── accounts/│   ├── migrations/│   ├── templates/│   │   └── accounts/│   │       ├── login.html│   │       ├── register.html│   │       ├── profile.html│   │       ├── profile_edit.html│   │       ├── password_change.html│   │       └── password_change_done.html│   ├── __init__.py│   ├── admin.py│   ├── apps.py│   ├── forms.py│   ├── models.py│   ├── urls.py│   └── views.py├── pages/│   ├── templates/│   │   └── pages/│   │       ├── about.html│   │       └── contact.html│   ├── __init__.py│   ├── admin.py│   ├── apps.py│   ├── forms.py│   ├── models.py│   ├── urls.py│   └── views.py├── templates/│   ├── base.html│   └── includes/│       ├── navbar.html│       ├── footer.html│       └── sidebar.html├── static/│   ├── css/│   │   └── style.css│   ├── js/│   │   └── main.js│   └── images/│       └── logo.png├── media/│   ├── articles/│   └── profiles/├── nginx/│   └── nginx.conf├── manage.py├── requirements.txt├── Dockerfile├── docker-compose.yml├── .dockerignore├── .env.example├── .gitignore└── README.md

README.md

# News/Blog Website A full-featured news and blog website built with Django. ## Features - User registration and authentication- Article CRUD with rich text editor- Categories and tags- Comment system with nested replies- Search and filtering- Responsive design- Docker deployment- Admin dashboard ## Tech Stack - Django 5.0- PostgreSQL 15- Bootstrap 5- Docker & Docker Compose- Nginx- Gunicorn ## Installation ### Local Development 1. Clone repository:```bashgit clone https://github.com/yourusername/news-website.gitcd news-website

Create virtual environment:

python -m venv venvsource venv/bin/activate  # On Windows: venv\Scripts\activate

Install dependencies:

pip install -r requirements.txt

Configure environment:

cp .env.example .env# Edit .env with your settings

Run migrations:

python manage.py migrate

Create superuser:

python manage.py createsuperuser

Run development server:

python manage.py runserver

Docker Deployment

Clone repository:

git clone https://github.com/yourusername/news-website.gitcd news-website

Configure environment:

cp .env.example .env# Edit .env with production values

Build and start:

docker-compose up -d --build

Run migrations:

docker-compose exec web python manage.py migrate

Create superuser:

docker-compose exec web python manage.py createsuperuser

Access application:

Website: http://localhost
Admin: http://localhost/admin

Usage

Creating Articles

Login to your account
Click "Create Article" in user menu
Fill in article details
Select category and tags
Upload featured image
Choose status (draft/published)
Click "Save"

Managing Content

Access admin panel at /admin to:

Manage users and profiles
Moderate comments
Manage categories and tags
View contact messages

Testing

Run tests:

python manage.py test

With coverage:

coverage run manage.py testcoverage report

Deployment

See DEPLOYMENT.md for production deployment guide.

License

MIT License

Contributing

Pull requests are welcome!

 ## Final Checklist ### Development Checklist

✅ Project Setup
✅ Create Django project
✅ Create apps (articles, accounts, pages)
✅ Install dependencies
✅ Configure settings

✅ Models
✅ UserProfile model
✅ Category model
✅ Tag model
✅ Article model
✅ Comment model
✅ ContactMessage model

✅ Views
✅ Article CRUD views
✅ Category/Tag views
✅ Search view
✅ Comment views
✅ Account views
✅ Profile views

✅ Templates
✅ Base template
✅ Article templates
✅ Account templates
✅ Page templates
✅ Responsive design

✅ Forms
✅ Article form
✅ Comment form
✅ Registration form
✅ Profile form
✅ Contact form

✅ Admin
✅ Custom admin for all models
✅ Inline editing
✅ Custom actions
✅ Search and filters

✅ Features
✅ User authentication
✅ Rich text editor
✅ Image upload
✅ Search functionality
✅ Pagination
✅ Comments with replies
✅ View counter
✅ SEO-friendly URLs

✅ Testing
✅ Model tests
✅ View tests
✅ Form tests
✅ Coverage report

✅ Docker
✅ Dockerfile
✅ docker-compose.yml
✅ Nginx configuration
✅ Production settings

✅ Documentation
✅ README.md
✅ .env.example
✅ Deployment guide

 ## Bài Tập ### Exercise 1: Complete Project **Task:** Build complete news/blog website: ```python# Requirements:# 1. All models implemented# 2. All views with proper permissions# 3. All templates with Bootstrap# 4. Admin customization# 5. Docker setup# 6. Testing coverage > 80%# 7. Documentation# 8. Deploy locally with Docker# 9. Create sample content# 10. Test all features

Exercise 2: Advanced Features

Task: Add advanced features to project:

# Requirements:# 1. Article bookmarking# 2. User following system# 3. Email notifications# 4. Social sharing buttons# 5. Reading list# 6. Article recommendations# 7. Advanced search filters# 8. Export articles to PDF# 9. RSS feed# 10. API endpoints (optional)

Exercise 3: Deploy to Production

Task: Deploy to real hosting:

# Requirements:# 1. Choose hosting platform (DigitalOcean/AWS/Railway)# 2. Setup domain and SSL# 3. Configure production database# 4. Setup email service# 5. Configure media storage# 6. Setup backups# 7. Configure monitoring# 8. Load testing# 9. Security audit# 10. Documentation

Tài Liệu Tham Khảo

Previous: Bài 34.3: Templates and Admin | Next: Bài 35: Practice Project - E-commerce

#completion

Comprehensive Project - News/Blog Website (Part 4)